于非闇（1889-1959）是近现代一位工笔花鸟画画家，与陈之佛（18.6-1962）并称中国画坛“南陈北于”。张景山先生讲一个掌故说，于非闇痴迷养鸽，编剧大家翁偶虹曾经给于非闇提供不少鸽谱，于非闇要回谢翁偶虹。翁偶虹正研究脸谱，但有些颜色总调得不理想，于是对于非闇说：“那请您帮我调几个颜色吧。”于非闇给翁偶虹一些石青、石绿、宝石蓝等矿物质颜料，均来自宫中。翁偶虹所绘脸谱历久弥艳，乃于非闇所赐。设色与颜料的陶治，是于非闇的绝活，他说：“吾国之色，实较世界为独绝也。”陈巨来曾为于非闇镌一印：“寡人好色”。
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于非闇（1889-1959）
幸亏有《中国画颜色的研究》《我怎样画工笔花鸟画》两个小册子行世，否则乏人知道于非闇了。于非闇自己倒说：“我本世家子，苟活四十余年，论所学所能，皆不如人，独于钓鱼自谓平生第一，养鸽次之，写字又次，作画治印写文章最下。”（《闲人不闲》“红蕉簃主人示《说钓》”）
沈宁先生对民国时期文化教育、艺术社团，及北京历史文化史料多有关注，研究领域涉及艺术院校及北京美术活动诸多方面的历史沿革，他认为研究这一段，于非闇是绕不开的。恰好他曾任职高校图书馆，对旧报刊非常熟稔。这样，他坐了十年冷板凳，辑录于非闇关于北京风物、中国书画、文物鉴藏等的散佚小品文，一发《于非闇小辑》皇皇五大卷，首次结集出版。
《于非闇小辑》五卷包括：《吾国之色》，作者结合自己的学画经历、创作心得，谈金石、书画、笔墨纸砚、颜料制造、装裱艺术等；《书画过眼》，记述艺苑珍闻、金石书画见闻、文玩交易等，展现近现代艺术鉴藏、展览风貌等；《食货花鸟》，拣选有关老北京饮馔、蔬果、酒茶以及莳花养草、钓鱼豢鸟、畜虫扑蝶、驯犬斗鸡等文章；《故都漫墨》，纪录一些“市井琐谈”，描绘了旧京生活百态，尤其是抗战沦陷期间的北平日常生活；《闲人不闲》，自述家世、交游习艺、北京俗曲、京剧名流等亲闻亲见的旧京掌故。这是一位标准京派文人的亲笔记录，五卷书，涉及面如此宽广，内容如此丰富，让人惊异。这也是研究近代北京社会风俗史、文化史以及做作者本人个案研究极有价值的一手文献，的确是一个文化补白的实绩，为我们展现了立体的于非闇——工笔花鸟画大师、北平艺术专科学校导师、准旗人世家子、一代报人。
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《于非闇小辑》
，于非闇 著，沈 宁 编注，文津出版社出版
《闲人不闲》有一篇文章叫“闲情先生”，乃于非闇自况：“东海望族，北京世家，好闲，于事物每以闲情寄之。”“先生好读书……坐是为大学教授”，“先生精八法，草情隶韵，得龙蛇飞走之妙”，“先生擅六法，濡毫泼墨，写剩水残山，慨然有澄清天下之志”，“先生健谈，谈锋犀利……于读书作画学书刻印之余，则谈天说故，种竹栽花，当编辑，充教授，考证闲情之学，笔之书，以鸣其闲情”。又有“闲人不闲”篇也不是吹牛：“我说论我的技能，除了相面、算卦、看风水、承颜希旨、灭着良心行事说话我不会外，诗文书画、声色狗马，我全能来两下，只是赋性憨直，闲帮不起，客也懒得做，我只会做些闲事……闲人也实在不好做。”
于非闇之闲，是一种老北京人不屈服的雍容姿态，透着“流自己的汗，吃自己的饭”的文化自信。这总让我想起启功先生的《自撰墓志铭》：“中学生，副教授。博不精，专不透。名虽扬，实不够。高不成，低不就。瘫趋左，派曾右。面微圆，皮欠厚，妻已亡，并无后。丧犹新，病照旧。”一代玩主王世襄亦似“闲情先生”后影：“我自幼及壮，从小学到大学，始终是玩物丧志，业荒于嬉。秋斗蟋蟀，冬怀鸣虫，韝鹰逐兔，挈狗捉獾，皆乐之不疲。”
细检《于非闇小辑》诸文写作大致在1926年12月到1948年12月这22年间，大概也是近现代北京最没落消颓的一段时间。正是1926年稍早时候张作霖、吴佩孚联合组建北京政府，企图南北齐下共分天下；广东国民政府在苏联的支持下也开始北伐，整个北京都在惶惶之中。1928年北伐胜利，北京失去了首都的地位，降格为北平。《食货花鸟》有“击小鼓者”：“自国都南迁，北平骤失凭借，土著乃愈不得生，固不仅商贾萧条也。”《故都漫墨》有“民间谶语”：“今者东北沦陷，倭寇日深，还我河山，委卜何日，‘亡国’谶语，竟尔奇中，言念前途，为之凛然”（刊于1931年10月19日《北平晨报》）。1933年4月，日军进攻华北，5月，进占通州……《故都漫墨》又有“北平灰尘”：“北平这地方，毕竟是好地方……以我久住在北平，虽在当年红光飞机结对来游览的时候（《塘协》前二三日），我也要与城俱殉。那么，这点灰尘，我希望它永远在我的头上吹着。”
于非闇之闲，是那深重苦难的移情。《书画过眼》有“长冶兰亭帖”：“我因为嗜好太多，所以遇到国难家愁、拂逆至极、心身两伤的遭际，我总是模模糊糊地活下去，一直到现在将近耳顺之年了……我把我有限的这点精神，都寄托在我的嗜好上。我嗜好写字，见了一种碑，一种帖，读文章，学书法，或者还要查查书，校校拓本，天如果不是当时塌，地如果不是当时陷，原子弹如果不当时爆炸的话，那我这迟钝而枯滞的脑子里，起码在这几个钟头之内，是清静的，无渣滓的，只有这种碑或这种帖，热没有旁的。我差不多天天啃窝头，这窝头的滋味里，也仿佛知道了碑帖的滋味。”
于非闇画作
在这困苦中，他写着他的金石书画，他的北京掌故，声色犬马，北京沦陷后的日常见闻：“北平向为谣言之策源地，而七八年来，谣言地失其重心，虽有谣，虽谣言孔多，而老北京之安堵不为动如故，此非示镇静，特习为故常，见怪不怪耳……此中情形，乃愈觉故都之神秘可爱。”
我们即使剥离掉充盈欲滴的情感因素，回到研究的眼光来打量，这里大量的掌故亦足以补史之缺。姑且不说那些帝师铁帽子王、傻五张疯子、黄兴蔡锷们的际遇令人唏嘘，齐白石、张大千、溥心畬、徐悲鸿等名家交往的风流遗韵，俞菊仙、余叔岩、梅兰芳、孟小冬等的梨园细节淋漓动人，就像《故都漫墨》有一篇“京师学校”：“光绪之季，京师学校大兴……在西郊有圆明园八旗学堂者，为赵丈泽田所办，其成绩与三堂相颉颃。袁项城所立之北洋四校，亦冠绝一时。京师之有女校，自振懦始。振懦为崇伯秋圃所立，崇故后，校亦废，此皆谈北京者所不可不知也。”
谈北京，我们不可不知者，何止崇秋圃的振懦女校，何止袁项城的北洋四校，何止赵泽田的八旗学堂？其实又何止于非闇的这套书？
《于非闇小辑》印行以来，有很多人问我：书是好，但卖给谁？谁知道于非闇呢？作为一名书业从业者，我始终觉得，一本好书如果能够唤醒一个并不安然惯于被人家推送知识的灵魂，些微薪火能传下去，也许也足够了。喜欢《于非闇小辑》的朋友不止三五，如果三五年后，有更多的人寻找《于非闇小辑》，那将会是策划者的欣慰。毕竟，图书至今仍然是人类智慧留存的最值得信任之载体……
于非闇画作
作者：
文：蒙 木 编辑：蒋楚婷 责任编辑：朱自奋
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